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                <h2 id="MySQL实现主从复制"><a href="#MySQL实现主从复制" class="headerlink" title="MySQL实现主从复制"></a>MySQL实现主从复制</h2><p><img src="https://wxvirus.gitee.io/medias/article/mysql1.png" alt="1588660571291"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>在进行curd的同时，主服务器的复制数据库到从服务器中，保证数据不流失</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><p>环境介绍</p>
<pre class=" language-bash"><code class="language-bash">系统环境：centos7.0
客户端连接工具：Xshell
远程文件传输工具：xftp
服务器<span class="token punctuation">(</span>虚拟机<span class="token punctuation">)</span>:
    主服务器：自己随便安装一个centos配置好ip地址和sshd即可
    从服务器：同上</code></pre>
</li>
<li><p>安装MySQL</p>
<p>基于rpm实现MySQL安装</p>
<pre class=" language-shell"><code class="language-shell"># 查询有没有安装MySQL
rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
# 查询所有有关MySQL的文件
find / -name mysql
# 删除存在MySQL的文件
rm -rf 文件路径
# 安装server
rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps
# 安装客户端
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps
# 主从服务器都需要进行安装！</code></pre>
</li>
<li><p>登录MySQL</p>
<pre class=" language-shell"><code class="language-shell">mysql -u root -p

ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket
'/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock'(2)
# 出现错误（因为密码不正确）
# 实现免密登录
# 修改配置文件
vi /etc/my.conf
# 在msyqld下加上跳过授权
skip-grant-tables
# 再次登录时需要重启MySQL服务
service mysqld restart
# 再次登录，连续回车即可
# 免密登录不安全，所以进去之后重新设置密码
# 刷新系统权限表
mysql> flush PRIVILEGES;
# 重新设置密码
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
# 再次刷新权限表
mysql> flush PRIVILEGES;
# 此时密码为123456
# 修改配置文件
vi /etc/my.conf
# 将跳过授权注释掉

# 即可以用新的密码进行登录
# 此操作步骤，从服务器也需要</code></pre>
</li>
<li><p>原理：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>假设主服务器执行了任何的insert update delete </p>
<p>MySQL服务器户记录一个日志文件</p>
<p>a-bin.log =&gt; 保存的就是对用的sql语句</p>
<p>将这个日志文件通过网络手段复制给从服务器</p>
<p>从服务器获取这个a-bin.log文件之后，就会执行里面相应的操作</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="实现MySQL的主从复制"><a href="#实现MySQL的主从复制" class="headerlink" title="实现MySQL的主从复制"></a>实现MySQL的主从复制</h2><h3 id="主服务器配置"><a href="#主服务器配置" class="headerlink" title="主服务器配置"></a>主服务器配置</h3><pre class=" language-shell"><code class="language-shell"># 先配置主服务器
# 修改配置文件
vi /etc/my.conf
# 添加以下内容
log_bin=master-a-bin
# 日志文件的格式
binlog_format=ROW
# 服务器的id,一定要是唯一的
server-id=1
# 对应需要实现主从复制的数据库
binlog_do_db=ddm(数据库名称)</code></pre>
<p><img src="https://wxvirus.gitee.io/medias/article/mysql2.png" alt="1588661225959"></p>
<pre class=" language-shell"><code class="language-shell"># 添加完之后需要登录主服务器给从服务器授权
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'root'@'ip地址前缀.%' identified by '123456';
# 刷新系统权限
mysql> flush PRIVILEGES;</code></pre>
<h3 id="从服务器配置"><a href="#从服务器配置" class="headerlink" title="从服务器配置"></a>从服务器配置</h3><pre class=" language-shell"><code class="language-shell"># 先配置主服务器
# 修改配置文件
vi /etc/my.conf
# 添加以下内容
log_bin=master-a-bin
# 日志文件的格式
binlog_format=ROW
# 服务器的id,一定要是唯一的
server-id=2
# 双主互相备份(表示从服务器可能是另外一台服务器的主服务器)
log-slave-updates=ture</code></pre>
<h3 id="设置并验证主从复制"><a href="#设置并验证主从复制" class="headerlink" title="设置并验证主从复制"></a>设置并验证主从复制</h3><pre class=" language-shell"><code class="language-shell"># 重启主服务器和从服务器
service mysqld restart
# 查看主服务器的状态
mysql> show master status;</code></pre>
<p><img src="https://wxvirus.gitee.io/medias/article/mysql3.png" alt="1588661883488"></p>
<pre class=" language-shell"><code class="language-shell"># 解释对应的一些名词
#File             生成的日志文件名
#Position         文件名所属的位置(偏移量)
#Binglog_Do_DB     需要实现的主从数据库

# 启动服务器 systemctl mysqld restart也可以
# 设置从服务器如何找到主服务器

# 登录从服务器
# 设置主从复制的日志和偏移量
# 让从机找到主机的日志名称
mysql> change master to master_host='主机ip地址',master_port=3306,master_user='root',master_password='123456',master_log_file='maste-a-bin.000001',master_log_pos=154;</code></pre>
<p><img src="https://wxvirus.gitee.io/medias/article/mysql4.png" alt="1588662325968"></p>
<pre class=" language-shell"><code class="language-shell"># 启动slave数据同步
mysql> start slave;
# 停止slave的数据同步
mysql> stop slave;
# 查看slave的配置信息
mysql> show slave status\G;</code></pre>
<p><img src="https://wxvirus.gitee.io/medias/article/mysql5.png" alt="1588662443607"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>出现connecting，说明还正在连接中</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class=" language-shell"><code class="language-shell"># 需要解决正则连接中的问题
# 外界用navicat客户端进行连接发现连接不上</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>防火墙问题</li>
<li>端口未开放</li>
<li>未授权</li>
</ul>
<pre class=" language-shell"><code class="language-shell"># 可以开放端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
# 重新加载防火墙
firewall-cmd --reload
# 再次用navicat连接，则连接成功，但是没有将权限授予客户端
# 先登录mysql
# with grant option不仅仅授予增删改查的权限还授予权限的权限
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by '123456' with grant option;
# 授权报错
Error 1819 (HY000): unkonwn error 1819
# 密码格式不正确
# 查看密码状态
mysql> show variables like 'validate_password%';</code></pre>
<p><img src="https://wxvirus.gitee.io/medias/article/mysql6.png" alt="1588663050983"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>如果有上述报错的就按以下方式进行解决：</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class=" language-shell"><code class="language-shell">mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
mysql> set global validate_password_mixed_case_count=0;
mysql> set global validate_password_number_count=3;
mysql> set global validate_password_special_char_count=0;
mysql> set global validate_password_length=3;
# 再次查看密码状态</code></pre>
<p><img src="https://wxvirus.gitee.io/medias/article/mysql7.png" alt="1588663194079"></p>
<pre class=" language-shell"><code class="language-shell">mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified with mysql_native_password by '123456';
mysql> flush PRIVILEGES;
# 再一次进行授权
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by '123456' with grant option;
mysql> flush PRIVILEGES;

# 重启从服务器并查看状态
# 测试，先关闭slave，在开启
mysql> stop slave;
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status\G;</code></pre>
<p><img src="https://wxvirus.gitee.io/medias/article/mysql8.png" alt="1588663389525"></p>
<h3 id="测试"><a href="#测试" class="headerlink" title="测试"></a>测试</h3><p>在主服务器数据里新增表并插入数据，然后进入从服务器进行查看是否有表和数据</p>
<pre class=" language-shell"><code class="language-shell">mysql> show database;
mysql> use 数据库;
mysql> show tables;
mysql> create table user(id int primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null)charset='utf8';
mysql> insert into user (name) values ('a');

# 然后去从服务器查看是否有数据</code></pre>
<h2 id="读写分离"><a href="#读写分离" class="headerlink" title="读写分离"></a>读写分离</h2><blockquote>
<p>读写分离必须基于主从复制才能实现</p>
<ol>
<li>主从复制确实实现了高可用</li>
<li>但是主服务器挂掉之后，如何实现从服务器的自由切换？（缺点）</li>
<li>从服务区除了备份数据，基本上没有其他作用，并没有分担主服务器的压力</li>
<li>写数据是非常耗时的操作(基本上是读数据的一百倍不止)</li>
</ol>
<p>进而出现：客户端写数据写入主服务器，读数据从从服务器进行读取</p>
</blockquote>

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